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"We hope this book is at least a mediocre attempt toward introducing an idea that will change the meaning of social and personality conflicts as radically as did Freud when he reported an hysterical symptom is effected by a motive and not a neutral mechanism or an inherently weak neurology. The symptom, said Freud, is related to a dynamic psychology, a purpose. This discovery has not been, and probably never will be, refuted. The question still remained, however. What is this purpose? With, and since Freud, attempts were made to answer this question in terms of forces that are distinctly genetic and individualistic in nature. That is, what should have been an antiquated form of atomism was taken for granted. Our solution is radically different. Our basic premise is that the current group life is the ultimate, that any tendency must be traced to this totality. The symptom is both anticipated and nourished by the total group setting. When we look at a neurotic, for example, we do not ask what is wrong with that person, what are his weaknesses? Rather, we ask, what are the nature of those group forces which, when they meet at the point represented by our subject, effect what is called a neurosis? We ask, why are there conditions that at times make it necessary for the individual to live a neurotic role in order that he may do the in inevitable, adjust to and contribute toward the group life? In a sense, then, in perspective, the purpose behind the symptom is the purpose behind all behavior, the need to preserve the whole, the need to contribute toward the dynamic cohesiveness that dominates all life. If the symptom has purpose, then it also has social utility"--

Conflict (Psychology)

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An in-depth look at the historic and strategic deployment of rights in political conflicts throughout the worldRights are usually viewed as defensive concepts representing mankind's highest aspirations to protect the vulnerable and uplift the downtrodden. But since the Enlightenment, political combatants have also used rights belligerently, to batter despised communities, demolish existing institutions, and smash opposing ideas. Delving into a range of historical and contemporary conflicts from all areas of the globe, Rights as Weapons focuses on the underexamined ways in which the powerful wield rights as aggressive weapons against the weak.Clifford Bob looks at how political forces use rights as rallying cries: naturalizing novel claims as rights inherent in humanity, absolutizing them as trumps over rival interests or community concerns, universalizing them as transcultural and transhistorical, and depoliticizing them as concepts beyond debate. He shows how powerful proponents employ rights as camouflage to cover ulterior motives, as crowbars to break rival coalitions, as blockades to suppress subordinate groups, as spears to puncture discrete policies, and as dynamite to explode whole societies. And he demonstrates how the targets of rights campaigns repulse such assaults, using their own rights-like weapons: denying the abuses they are accused of, constructing rival rights to protect themselves, portraying themselves as victims rather than violators, and repudiating authoritative decisions against them. This sophisticated framework is applied to a diverse range of examples, including nineteenth-century voting rights movements; the American civil rights movement; nationalist, populist, and religious movements in today's Europe; and internationalized conflicts related to Palestinian self-determination, animal rights, gay rights, and transgender rights.Comparing key episodes in the deployment of rights, Rights as Weapons opens new perspectives on an idea that is central to legal and political conflicts.

Conflict (Psychology) --- Conflict (Psychology). --- Human rights.

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Conflict (Psychology) --- Interprofessional Relations

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Decision making --- Conflict (Psychology)

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Conflict (Psychology). --- Neuroses. --- Personality.